How to learn Italian fast tip, first
You will learn how to learn Italian fast in the next set of tips also addresses the accessibility of language. Before entering the subject, determine the scope of validity of the considerations developed in this document. Initial View is just mean sites that do not, the channels of transmission of written words, as an audio CD with a novel. Second Division: I refer in particular to places government, that primarily is called Stanca Law on Accessibility. Third Division: I refer to the texts, not the site structure, including most the texts contained in these sites, ie, the so-called professional texts, addressed to staff, citizens, businesses, that the texts are worthy of documents Now many (projects, manuals) for the project to simplify administrative division language.Fourth: among all the beneficiaries of accessibility, I mean in particular to the blind.
A new theme
Since many are the beneficiaries of the accessibility of a site, the blinds are at least from the point of view of language, the extreme case, as well as content in Braille right to hear the reading to be performed by a voice software. The language of the accessibility is therefore a written language that should satisfy those who listen to the text, not just the reader. The theme is new. In fact, we know (at least in part), only differences between spoken and written features of a text written for the theater (theater) and spoke with a tendency to one-way (public speaking) but never considered features that should have a written text to be read and heard from some others.
Summarizing the state of our knowledge. As soon as the differences between spoken (only talk about so-called structured, not to speak freely about the talks) and the written language of fundamental interest for our discussion is the mode of expression logical-semantic relations, ie relations of meaning between the meanings of spoken language expressed by intonation and pauses, punctuation written language with the connectives (prepositions, conjunctions, pronouns, etc.). etc. For example:
How inflection of the voice and attitude of the eyes and hands, bending, as if holding on his shoulders with resignation an unbearable burden, the lean cut D'Andrea used to say, "Oh, my son!" For anyone any observations made jokes about his strange way of life! (The opening words of the novel License Luigi Pirandello).
The fact, the main clause is divided into two consecutive recording ("double" and " Prince resigned as an unbearable burden on the shoulders ") and contains another exclamation, on the other hand. in direct speech (" Oh, my son ") Visualize different sentence structure and define some logical-semantic relations:
first part of the main clause: "What inflection of the voice and attitude as the eyes and hands ";
secondary sentence level recorded in the first ("edge"), the gerund establishing a relationship in time (while the curve) and the same time, so;
additional penalty level in the second ("as if holding on his shoulders with resignation an unbearable burden ") and" how "a relationship of similarity;
resumption of the clause main theme "Oh, my son!" It is also a joke in direct discourse, and whose term complement is composed of several elements ("anyone who did comment in jest).
Now you can be more clear as intonation problems I mentioned refer to the complex hierarchical relationships the structure of this period. However, the meaning is clear, also because the punctuation is binding. But it is not always the case.
Consider a second example, not as paradoxical as it may seem. Consider the opening line of Hamlet's famous soliloquy "To be or not, that is the question" (Act III, Scene 1). In this verse, the punctuation is not binding, especially because it says it is the intention of Shakespeare (who do not have the manuscript of Hamlet), and secondly, because those who apply – the printers of the time – followed the criteria for entry into the English drama, for which punctuation should indicate the jumps of the actors (which times to find a point or a comma between subject and verb, and other licenses of this type). Consequently, adjustment and otherwise illegal, may have different meanings:
"To be or not to be? This is the problem!"
'To be or not … that is the problem ";
"To be or not, that is the problem ";
and even "to be or not? Be, That is the problem" ("To be or not? to be! That is the question!" With this solution, all the rest of the way dumb monologue).
And here we reach the limit of our knowledge about the features that must have the written language to be heard, because all I can say (not much) to speak true if the written language is a human being (an actor, speaker), is someone who understand and interpret the text, and even working on feedback from the audience, can handle the pitch and pauses in order to understand the relationships between the meaning of meaning. But the language of accessibility software is read by a voice, an interpreter is not smart – in the etymological sense: that is not what the law – which in turn manages intonation and pauses, without understanding the text and punctuation only play automatically connected, in general, the structure of a sentence (and, of course, is interactive in the sense that no process feedback).
The question, therefore, is new and focuses on two aspects:
the text is to maintain channel rate (reading and listening);
The text should contain the elements necessary for software to manage voice intonations and pauses correctly that is able to convey the sense of relations between meanings.
To get an idea, however, about the experience of listening a blind person, who surfed the web with a screen reader (a demo version of Freedom Scientific JAWS 8.0, http://www.freedomscientific.com/index. html) and I have tried several pieces of text with interactive demo of Loquendo TTS (http://www.loquendo.com/en/index.htm). The two programs have, in general, differences is also important in vocal performance, which, however, overlook, like studying the problems of listening, not the problems of individual software beyond the limits, play a very advanced service.
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